John Collier and the Indian New Deal Essay -- American History

John collier and the Indian untried DealAt the beginning of the 20th century, Native American culture was on the abut of extinction. Indians were at the bottom of the economic ladder. They had the lowest life expectancy rate, the highest babe mortality rate, the highest suicide rate and the highest rate of alcoholism than any different group in America. The Meriam Report of 1928, an 872-page study, laid the blame at the stern of the Federal Government. When President Franklin Delano Roosevelt took office 1933, a series of major elucidates were utilize that would later come to be known as the Indian sore Deal. An important chapter in contemporary Native American narrative was about to begin. This essay will outline the major elements of the Indian peeled Deal and examine its achievements, failures and criticism.A critical analysis of the Indian bracing Deal would not be complete without a brief accounting of its progenitor, John Collier. His career started in 1907 as a so cial proletarian with the Peoples Institute in New York City. During his time with the institute, Collier developed a social ideology based on the rescue of cultural traditions and communal life. In 1920, he found himself among the Pueblo tribe of New Mexico. Collier became enchanted with their sense of community, believing it to be an affirmation of his views on social policy. From this point on, he was at the forefront of the Indian reform movement. In 1923, Collier and other reformers founded the American Indian Defense Association, an system committed to ending land allotment and preserving Native American culture. At the request of Secretary of Interior Harold L. Ickes, President Roosevelt selected Collier to oversee the place of Indian Affairs (BIA). Immedia... ...7.William T. Hagan, American Indians (Chicago University of Chicago Press, 1993) 176.Vine Deloria, jr. ed., American Indian Policy in the Twentieth Century (Norman University of Oklahoma Press 1985) 43.Vine Del oria, Jr. and Clifford M. Lytle, American Indians, American Justice (Austin University of Texas Press, 1983) 99.Emma R. Gross, Contemporary Federal Policy Towards American Indians (New York Greenwood Press 1989) 20.U.S. Congress, Committee on Indian Affairs, Hearings on H.R. 7781 Indian Conditions and Affairs, 74th Congress, maiden Session, 1935, p.744.Terry L. Anderson, Sovereign Nations or Reservations? An Economic History of American Indians (San Francisco peaceful Research Institute for Public Policy 1995) 144.Vine Deloria, Jr. ed., American Indian Policy in the Twentieth Century (Norman University of Oklahoma Press 1985) 93.