Challenges of Customer Service in an Airline Industry

Ch aloneenges of node Service in an airway IndustryCommunication(Phone)Communication problems in the workplace preempt cost your political party productivity and notes. With tabu efficient talk, your comp either is unable to exchange cultivation requisite to daily operations and create a communion vane to displace unsanded product data. Understanding examples of workplace communication issues can friend you to create policies that get out address problems and create an efficient communication network in the officeLanguage BarriersA diverse workplace has some(prenominal) benefits to a communication channel, such as a variety of solutions to company issues and sixth sense into international markets during expansion. But the language barrier that can sometimes return in a diverse workplace, or any workplace, may draw a communication problem. thither might be language barriers amid community of diametric ethnic backgrounds, people of different ages and people with d ifferent levels of industry experience. Any language barrier is going to slow communication or create misunderstandings that make communication ineffective.Personal IssuesEffective communication in a workplace is based on professional equalizer designed to instigate in the daily operation of the company or the continued growth of the organization. When employees allow personal issues to affect company communication, a communication problem develops that could take a long time to encompass down and resolve. People who refuse to communicate based on a personal disagreement argon damaging the companys ability to do business and slowing the growth of the organization.Lack of FeedbackOne-way communication can go away an ineffective way to exchange information throughout the company. Employees and managerial faculty should provide feedback at all times to improve the quality of information disseminated and the manner in which the information is delivered. For example, if a departmen t tends to send out information in a format confusing to other people in the company, then that department needs to be informed of its communication problems immediately or else the information coming from that group testament forever and a day pose a communication challenge.o New HiresWhen new employees ar brought into the organization, they need to receive a comprehensive introduction into the proper slipway to communicate throughout the organization. Companies that do not include communication nurture in their new-hire orientation programs impart be forced to struggle with new hires that be forced to learn proper communication procedures by a process of hit and miss.Also some other examples for communication challengesstressToneUnderstandingClear DialogTicketingParking ache LinesLong custom lines, parking problems. Passengers are not happy to stay in a long line buy their tickets they want to tack at that place tickets as soon as possible. Also the lack of parking spac es.Customer NeedsAbility to give what exactly customer need.Airport tabing pleonastic Baggage Extra CostOverweight baggage, Liquids include, Cabin baggage restrictions, Locked suitcases are some examples regarding extra baggages. Anyhow if rider want to take the baggages passenger testament hand over pay extra money to take those extra baggages.Group checkSometimes large families fuck off to the airport at the last moment and hard to check because they are in a rush to get on-board and the other massive challenge was sitting them all together.Departure gateLocating all passengersOn-boardTravels the aircraft from A to B safelyNo choice of mealPreferred seating roomLooking after special peoples such as elders, walk aid, etc.After landingThe baggages are not arrivedHow you would handle a PRM onboard. comment and responsibilityIt is the responsibility of the airport to assist disabled passengers and passengers with reduced mobility. If you charter reduced mobility, the airport w ill provide you with assistance within the concluding buildings, car parks and other public domains. If needed, airport will as well assist you with check-in, security check, and border control, moving around the gate area and boarding the aircraft.A person with reduced mobility (PRM) is defined as any person whose mobility is permanently or temporarily reduced due to visible incapacity (sensory or locomotory), intellectual deficiency, age, impaired vision or hearing, or other cause of disability that means they require assistance at the airport when travelling. Assistance services are free of charge for PRM passengers.Arriving at the airportIf you require, an assistant will come and meet you when you arrive at Airport. Alternatively, you can also go directly to the check-in desk. If you need assistance, delineate to one of the pick-up points marked with the international disabled access symbol at least two hours before flight departure.At the airportThere is a dedicated check- in desk at the Airport for passengers needing assistance. The desk is labeled specific Passengers and is marked with the corresponding international symbols. If passenger wishes, staff will assist you all the way from the check-in desk onto the aircraft.If passenger requires special assistance, passenger will be allowed to board the aircraft before the other passengers, so that the staff can ask about the needs for in-flight assistance and more easily assist the passenger onto the plane.During the flightPassengers with reduced mobility will primarily be sit by the window. Airlines do not supply assistive devices, such as elevating seat cushions, so you must be able to sit in a regular aircraft seat. If passenger requires help in taking medication, eating, tour the toilet, getting up or communicating, you must be accompanied by a personal assistant.After the flightWhen passenger arrives to the destination, passenger will be met by a member of staff, who will provide all the assist ance need to continue your journey. If passenger needs help to drop from the aircraft, this will happen after the other passengers have left, so that we have more space and time to assist the passenger. After disembarking, passenger will be assisted all the way to your next mode of pane (a connecting flight, car, taxi or bus).How a passenger can beseech for WCHR from his selected airline.Ticketing, Online booking, Check inWhen you going to buy the ticket you can request WCHRIf the passenger going to buy the ticket online the passenger can still request a WCHR onlineAnd check in desk at the airportDefinition of WCHR be passengers who can negotiate steps and rifle about in the aircraft cabin but who need a wheelchair or other assistance to move in the midst of the aircraft and the terminal building or within the terminal itself and between arrival and departure zones in the terminal.ReferencesJournalsEugene W. Anderson. Customer expiation and Word of Mouth.Customer Satisfaction a nd Word of Mouth11.3 (2013) 1-10. Print.Dr Stephen Goodwin. The Journal of Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior will eyesight its biennial conference .The Journal of Consumer Satisfaction/Dissatisfaction and Complaining Behavior will beholding its biennial conference15.6 (2014) 5-8. Print.David Lewis. Customer Satisfaction.Make Hidden Persuaders Work for You Aroma, Music, Color, Font subscribe more http//www.marketingprofs.com/articles/2014/24995/make-hidden-persuaders-work-for-you-aroma-music-color-fontixzz31svhR6q21.1 (2014) 1. Print.Web sitesMarisa Currie-Rose. Website Satisfaction By Google Consumer Surveysanalytics.blogspot.n.p., n.d. Web. 11 May 2014.No name. Customer Satisfactionhttps//www.surveyshare.com/templates/.n.p., n.d. Web. 2014 Nov 14.http//www.customerthermometer.com/

Determination of Gold Nanoparticle Sizes

Determination of fortunate Nano particle SizesDaron Chua compendIn this experiment, the objectives of this experiment was to understand the diverse coats of favorable nanoparticles and to synthersizing Colloidal funds nanoparticles by liquid chemic method.Z-average of nanoparticles for the carminedish resolving power and the greyish stem was 60.86 and 50.40 respectively. However it was noted that at that place were impurities in the ascendant hence poignant the Z-average. As such, the colour of the radical and the Z-average did not tally.It was discovered that by adding sodium chloride into the solutions there impart be colour change. This is collect to NaCl aggregating the nanoparticles together. This ca delectations the nanoparticles to absorb the red readable hence reflecting the solution in a more dingy colour.Other methods of forming favorable nanoparticles and a diverse application for princely nanoparticles were noted. cornerstoneThe objectives of this expe riment was to understand the diverse applications of gold nanoparticles. Colloidal gold nanoparticles were synthesized by means of liquid chemical method.TheoryLiquid Chemical orderMost of the gold nanoparticles are produced in a liquid (liquid chemical methods) by lessening of hydrogen tetrachloroautate (HAuCl4). By dissolving HAuCl4, the solution is rapidly stirred succession a reducing agent is being added. This causes Au3+ ions to be trendd to soggy goldatoms. As more and more of these gold atoms form, the solution becomes supersaturated, and gold gradually starts toprecipitatein the form of sub-nanometer particles. The rest of the gold atoms that form stick to the existing particles, and, if the solution is stirred vigorously enough, the particles will be fairly uniform in size showing the solution as red.To prevent the particles from aggregating, some separate of stabilizing agent that sticks to the nanoparticle surface is commonly added. Also, gold colloids can be syn thesized without stabilizers bylaser ablationsin liquids. They can be functionalized with various organic ligands to create organic-inorganic hybrids with advanced functionality.several(prenominal) methods that revolve around this idea are Turkevich method, brust method and perrault method, etc. cash NanoparticlesColloidal goldis a breaking particles ofgoldin a fluid, usually water. The liquid is usually either an intense red colour (for particles less than 100nm) or rich/purple (for larger particles).As particle size increases, the wavelength of surface plasmon tintinnabulation related absorption shifts to longer, redder wavelengths. Red wild is then absorbed, and unappeasable luminosity is reflected, yielding solutions with a pale blue or purple color. A change in temperature will also affect which the gold to be at a different energy band. The diameter of gold nanoparticles determines the Wavelength of light absorbed as shown on the diagram illustrated above.ProceduresStoc k resultant usance0.1g of HAuCl4 was fade out in 500ml distilled water to harbor 1.0mM hydrogen tetrachloroautate.0.5g of Na3C6H5O7.2H2O (trisodium turn dehydrate) was dissolved in 50ml of distilled water to obtain 1% concentration.0.5g of NaCl was dissolved in 10ml of distilled water.Experiment20ml of 1.0mM HAuCl4 was added to a conical flask.The conical flask was placed in a rousing hot plate and a magnetic stir bar was added.2 samples were prepared. One was stirred continuously even it was at boiling point. The other(a) sample stopped stirring once it was boiled.2ml of 1% solution of trisodium citrate dehydrate was then added to the boiling solution. bullion Sol was gradually create as citrate push downs the gold (III).Presence of a colloidal suspension was observed by the reflection of a laser beam from the particles.The solution of both samples were being transferred to two test tubes.5 10 drops of 1M NaCl solution was added into one of the test tubes and the color change of the solution was being observed.The two solutions in the test tubes were being filtered with a 0.45 um syringe filter. The solutions were subsequently transferred into a sample holder.The Malvern Zetasizer Nano S Light scattering equipment was utilize to measure the size of the nanoparticles in the two sample holder. (0.47 refractive index was employ.)ResultsResults as follows Solution with spin even at boiling point Colour observed Reddish BrownSize of Gold nanoparticle 63.77 with 3 peaksPeak 1 41.1, Peak 2 433.2, Peak 3 3913Solution without spin at boiling point Colour observed Greyish / Bluish / get inSize of Gold nanoparticle 53.31 with 3 peaksPeak 1 143.9, Peak 2 1.651, Peak 3 3213CalculationStandard Calibration67.54nm 63.63nm = 2.91nmSize of Gold nanoparticle (Reddish/Brown) Z-Average63.77nm 2.91nm = 60.86 nmSize of Gold nanoparticle (Greyish/Blue) Z-Average53.31nm 2.91 nm = 50.40 nmDiscussionFrom the results, Z average for the reddish brown solution was calculated at 60.86nm, firearm the greyish/blue was calculated at 50.40nm.With reference to theory, the results concluded by Z-average is inaccurate. By right, anything at the blue shift is of a larger particle size. By reading off the highest intensity peaks of both graphs of red and blue solutions, size of particles were 41.1nm and 143.9nm respectively. Ideally 1 peak in the chart would be best.Other peaks that affected the Z-average were probably impurities. This error may be due to carelessness of assuming all equipments provided for the experiment were clean. Hence there could be dirt or dust trapped whatsoever.In order to obtain even smaller particle sizes, adding of all solutions should have been done slowly, for congressman adding trisodium citrate drop by drop, allowing the droplet to fully react with the solution out front adding in another. With that, the merge part is no doubt the most all important(p) process parameter of the experiment.Other factors that affe ct particle sizes are immix time and temperature and concentration. Different temperatures within the reaction will cause warmness and mass transfer gradients. A low concentration of solution will yield too low of a result and lastly for our case, mixing time. Insufficient mixing time/stoppage of mixing will command the nanoparticles to disperse. Hence having a larger particle size.1. Explain the functions of trisodium citrate used in this experiment.In this experiment, Trisodium citrate acts as an reducing agent to reduce hydrogen tetrachloroautate in order to produce spheroidal gold paticles. In general, the greater the concentration and power of the reducing agent. The smaller the resultant gold particles in the suspension.2. Account for the colour change observed in feel 4.6In step 4.6 of the practical booklet, NaCl solution is added into the solution create a colour change. By adding NaCl into the solution, it causes the gold nanoparticle surface charge to turn neutral, ca using the nanoparticle to aggregate. As a result the solution colour changes from red to dismal blue. As for the greyish bluish solution, it turns to a even clearer solution.A larger particle size will cause absorption of the red light hence reflecting the solution as blue.3. State two other synthetic thinking methods for gold nanoparticles beside the liquid chemical method.SonolysisOne method for the experimental extension of gold particles is by sonolysis. The process is based on ultrasound. It uses the reaction of an sedimentary solution of HAuCl4withglucose. The reducing agentsare hydroxyl radicals and sugar pyrolysis radicals. The morphology obtained is that of nanoribbons with width 3050nm and length of several micrometers. These ribbons are very flexible and can bend with angles larger than 90. When glucose is being replaced by cyclodetrin (a glucose oligomer), only spherical gold particles are obtained.Block Copolymer-mediated MethodOther method for gold nanoparticles i s by using a block copolymer.In this synthesis methodology, block copolymer plays the dual role of a reducing agent as well as a stabilizing agent.The composition of gold nanoparticles comprises three main steps reduction of gold salt ion by block copolymers in the solution and formation of gold clusters,adsorption of block copolymers on gold clusters,and further reduction of gold salt ions on the surfaces of these gold clusters for the growth of gold particles in steps.This method usually has a limited-yield (nanoparticle concentration), which does not increase with the increase in the gold salt concentration. Recently a test has been done that by adding trisodium citrate in 11 molar ratio increases the gold formation by many gold.4. Cite some other application in addition to those mentioned under introduction.Electronics Gold nanoparticles are designed for use as conductors from printable inks to electronic chips. As the world of electronics become smaller, nanoparticles are imp ortant components in the chip design. Nanoscale gold nanoparticles are being used to connect resistors, conductors, and other elements of an electronic chip.Probe Gold nanoparticles are relatively dense, making them useful as probes for transmission electron microscopy.Catalyst Gold nanoparticles are used as catalysts in a number of chemical reactions. The surface of a gold nanoparticle can be used for discriminating oxidation or in certain cases the surface can reduce a reaction (nitrogen oxides). Gold nanoparticles are being developed for dismiss cell applications. These technologies would be useful in the automotive and display industry. demonstrationIn conclusion, the experiment was not very successful as there were impurities in the solution. Hence the Z average was being affected. However objectives were met as colloidal gold was being synthesized and applications of gold particles were also understood.Referenceshttp//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Colloidal_goldhttp//www.sigmaald rich.com/materials-science/nanomaterials/gold-nanoparticles.htmlhttp//www.webexhibits.org/causesofcolor/9.htmlhttp//clustertwo.org/Shaowei Chen lectures/ practice bundling 2 lecture 2.pdfhttp//www.ivdtechnology.com/article/manufacturing-high-quality-gold-sol

The profession of shipbroker

The profession of shipbrokerThe profession of Shipbroker has been in social function since the early days of commercial transit. Origin totallyy the owner of the ship was similarly the trader he bought freightagees in one place, carried it and sold it in some other place. With the evolution of the international trade, the shipbroker became more specialized as it became intermediary who would abide by ships for the merchants and cargoes for the ship owners.The term shipbroker means different things to different people. In japan and Korea, for example, the term ship broker is only utilise for the intermediary broker. except in Europe the word ship broker is used to spot a variety of chartering functions. Chartering work is essentially a form of telephone exchange of information. It is a business where the right information at the right signification is essential to be successful. The oxygen of any market is information. Information is what makes a market work. Gathering that information requires time, effort, people, equipment and a network of contact. The parties involved in a chartering deal argon one party owns, controls or ope range a ship as owner and another party who owns the cargo and smell to be carried by sea transport between two destinations The underlying function of the shipbroker is to bring together the two parties concerned involving the ship and cargo owners, then start negotiation between them in order to build the vessel. The brokers in educe is derived from the commission payable by the ship owner on expiration and fulfilment of the annunciation. Another role of the shipbroker other than fixing the vessel is playing as agent for the ship owner. As such(prenominal) he is trusty for everything which may concern the vessel whilst she is on port such as customs formalities matters concerning the crew loading/discharge of vessels bunkering and so on.Ship-brokers usually specialize in a specific part of the market it give the bo unce be dry cargo, chemical, passenger vessels, RORO vessels etc. It therefore enquires a specialist at collecting information, it is no longer possible to be a general shipbroker and comport knowledge about every market. expand specialist knowledge on accepted areas, trades, sizes, commodities or charterers is always in demand as the ship owner, charterer or his representative will a great deal need to learn about a different market depending on where his ship is or what he has to fix. Traders need to know freight rates in order to sell cargoes. All principals need up to construe information on which ships are interested in what cargoes, why and at what rates, what cargoes need to be lifted in certain areas at certain times. There is huge variety of interest in the market place. musical composition principals demand the information there is a need for someone to get together it and make sense of it The Baltic Exchange, the worlds only independent source of oceanic market i nformation for the trading and settlement of physical and derivative contracts, is pursuance to appoint a new freight market reporter. With the support of 69 international shipbroking companies, the Baltic Exchange publishes independent, high quality dry, wet and throttle freight market information on a daily basis. The Baltic acts as a regulatory body for its members and provides a forum for shipping information to circulate amongst its members (Howe Robinson Co Ltd web site). Peter Kerr-Dineen, joint-chairman of Howe Robinson, withal became lead of the Baltic Exchange during 2003, (Howe Robinson, 2007). Many larger shipbroking firms have separate departments specialising in Dry Cargo Chartering, Tanker Chartering, Sale Purchase and sometimes in any case Demolition sales and Research. Major shipbroking centres include London, Piraeus, New York, Houston, Hamburg, Singapore, Hong Kong, and Shanghai. Major Shipbroking houses are ACM, Clarksons Galbraith, SSY, Braemar Seascope, Charles Weber, Gibsons, and J.E. HydeThe modern freight market is really more sophisticated. The use of tops(p) tankers and besides better port equipments and the use of satellite navigation systems have improved much in the ship broking business areas.In Southampton docks, it used to take several weeks to unload an average cargo ship such as a type bulk cargo ship V Luck, 13 000 tonnes and now only takes a few days to do the same tasks.Modern ship broking is also nowadays more conglomerate with the new laws and regulations in regards with all necessary procedures to combat smuggling, and also environmental issues such as global warming.The Laws in this business are also expanding since there are many countries are now involved in the ship broking business. The contract between the ship owners and the cargo owners is becoming a lengthy process. New terminology in the shipbroking business has also come up. The whole concept of the contract of this kind of business is called the v olume contract of Affreightment. These contracts c all over the whole concept contract from a charterers point of deal and Owners point of view. It is also containing the definition in the documents and the period and the terminology they twain agree to use in the contract during the contract agreements. The European nitty-gritty direction, in their International market regulation dealing with professional capabilitys is also putting regulations. Under their regulation for the Chartered Shipbroker, the European Union Commission chose the join Kingdom to be the competent authorities on the experience of qualifications for this regulated profession. At present the competent authorities in the United Kingdom is the Department for Education and Employment Skills located in secure foot, Sheffield, (Philips, A., 2006).The Ship broking business is becoming a serious task to be taken care off.New entrants into the profession do not need to hold a shipping qualification, but there ar e degrees courses in Maritime Studies at several British universities. The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers runs a course covering a wide range of subjects culminating in an run to earn membership of the Institute. The Institute of Chartered Shipbrokers is the professional body for those engaged in all aspects of the shipping business. A Royal Charter was grant in 1920, in recognition of the Institutes role in conferring a qualification (MICS/FICS) and maintaining professional standards. Membership is international and Institute branches have been established all over the world. There are many other institutes for shipbrokers all over the world

Southwest Airlines

south-west Airlines southwestward Airlines is live leader among umpteen air passage gondola carriers in todays highly competitive transportation industriousness. In bon ton to maintain such a strong hold on the respiratory tract industry, southwestward Airlines utilizes an intense and highly systematic set of merchandise strategies. most of their strategies atomic number 18 centered on offering its consumers broken- be slatings and free baggage checks to vaporize most anywhere in the join States. Customers throw out be rest assured that Southwest Airlines leave alone continue to do whatsoever it can to provide little-cost returnss. Some of the disclose issues that will be discussed will overwhelm Southwests free baggage policy, its merchandising mixture strategies, its section principles, as well as a SWOT analysis. foodstuffing is a vital part of any logical argument and is an integral component of sell any fruit or service. Whether the business is a smal l milliampere and pop operation or a world industry leader, marketing is a part of the business. Southwest Airlines subscribe tos total use out of its violate resources and abilities to build on its fall upon marketing practices. According to research by Chan, one of Southwests main strategies is that it strives to treat its employees fairly and engages in bread share-out so that their employees collectively own about 10% of the company. Southwest Airlines has a high employee retention rate of at least 92.3% and maintains an enthusiastic all overwork force. Southwests operational strategy is based on six pillars, namely bound passenger service, shit, reli fitting departures, short-haul, pass-to-point routes between mid-sized cities and secondary airports, very disordered ticket prices, lean, heavily productive ground and gate crews, and high aircraft utilization. Some of these key factors, as well as attention to excellence in oversight make outnce receive launched th is company to great conquest.Because there are umpteen ways to fulfill the unavoidably of the client, a straight-forward approach is to make the quartet Ps of the marketing mix. This paper will examine the marketing mix and give examples of the marketing mix as it pertains to Southwest Airlines. The four elements of the marketing mix are product, settle, promotion and price.As in the Product category, variance has defined some of the price points. Price (the amount a customer pays) is determined by market share, competition, operational cost, brand or product identity and the customers perceived value of the product. Pricing may affix or drop-off with frequency and pricing strategies must be planned and worked passing(a). The world(prenominal) recession of the last two old age has clouded some of the traditionalistic differences, as some resort and upscale brands take away discounted heavily to the point where the lower priced properties cannot effectively compete. Hot els should subscribe to chance oned the lessons of the air passages and not just compete based on being the net cost. The anger of flyers today for being charged extra for almost everything has opened the way for certain carriers to widen and differents to enter what were previously lucrative and exclusive markets.The associates of each of those airlines have major differences as well in how and what to communicate to their becomeers. Cash flow is an unmistak suit fitting critical factor and reasonable discounts on a logical tail end are often good business practices. Southwest Airlines in the US has been consistently one of the most profitable carriers in the old 20 years and, at eons, is the net fare provider. A non-technical serve at their pricing strategies from besides a consumers view will show how they track, demand, and coiffure prices accordingly, even in the economic downturn. They are not always the lowest fare in a given market on a given day, but their overall satisfaction ratings demonstrate their ongoing and move succeeder. Consumers will always remain sensitive for fair prices, discount options and excess offers, but competing on price as the major component for success is not viable or logical for pertinacious-term .As a Promotion category, southwest is one of some(prenominal) airlines that are increasely interested in mentioning more(prenominal) contemporary avenues for advertising. Although, they are soundless fall behind behind differentwise airlines, they are discovering the importance of social media in promotion. fond media sites like twitter, Facebook, YouTube, Flickr and even blogging allows Southwest the king to get the online community to learn more about its low-costs prices and services.As a place category, Southwest Airlines is the tooshien braggart(a)st airline in the US. It flies 64 million passengers per year to 64 cities in 34 states. Southwest Airlines operates a fleet of 388 aircraft of the Boeing 737 type, ranging from the 737-200 to the Next times 737-700. Although Southwest Airlines is mainly a point-to-point carrier, there is an increasing amount of impart traffic on their routes. Major hubs in SWAs network include Las Vegas (185 daily departures), Phoenix (183), and Baltimore/Washington (161). In 2009, Southwest partnered with Coastal Vision 3000, a Northwest Florida business group, in an attempt to position Northwest Florida as one of Americas premier marge destinations. This partnership is working hard to feature job growth, economic progress, and provide travelers more options for flying into areas with popular beach destinations.Southwest Airlines, along with Jet Blue, Frontier, and Airtran, are currently leading in low-cost air fare pricing and are continuing to profit trance other airlines such as United, US Airways and Delta are agony economic setbacks (Chan, 2007). Based on this research, Southwest Airlines has not been forced to decrease their flyi ngs or lay off many employees even with the ramifications of the events of September eleventh on many airline industries. The airline successfully maintained a $2 billion cash reserve prior to September eleventh and continues to strive and survive during difficult economic times. Part of its enduring success is associated with effective marketing strategies as well as long-term overall strategies. According to further research by Chan, Southwests primary focus is the introduction of a tailored set of best-fit activities. It still carries on much of it philosophies from 30 years ago by offering low cost without the show gimmicks offered by other airlines. Southwest has never participated in an in flight meal service or assigned seats and still maintains those aforementioned(prenominal) practices in order to keep costs low. Also, according to Chan, Southwest has something cognise as a linear route structure. The airline uses this method to fly provided one specific benevolent of airplane so that it can stay in high-density markets unless. This strategy benefits the airline by allowing it to maintain a strong competitive advantage and high pay.Controversy Over Carry-on luggageWithin the last several years, the discussion of legislation regarding industry-wide standardization on limitations for carry-on baggage has been widely debated throughout the US airline industry. While a arrogate of airline industry-based groups have advocated standardization on the list, size, and weight of bags that would be allowed onto an aircraft, the Federal Aviation Administration (FAA) has yet to take any severe action to this point. As a result, the debate over carry-on baggage restrictions still exists and causes unnecessary confusion and difficulty for both the airlines themselves as well as their passengers.As the number of airline passengers has increased in recent years, the number of passengers electing to bring their luggage on board a plane or else of checking their bags has also increased. Some passengers recompensel that checking their bags will lead to loss, damage, or theft. Others picture waiting in sign in lines too time-consuming and opt to report at their gate. As a result overhead bins and storage compartments on flights are often overcrowded. These overcrowded bins lead to approximately 4,500 injuries yearbookly in the United States according to Air Safety Week, an industry overboldsletter. These injuries result from baggage that waterfall on passengers when bins are opened after arrival or when bins out of the blue opening during rough transit.Southwest holds the notable status of being the only country-wide carrier to not charge passengers for second examine bags. Over the past few months, all the Legacy Airlines and most of the low-cost carriers have added a charge for second bags, and American Airlines made an announcement on may 21, 2008 tutelageing a $15 tippytoe for a first study baggage, this created a huge uproar. Southwest chief executive Gary Kelly stated that, Its not what customers want, aught wants to be nickeled and dimed. Other airlines jumped on similar bandwagons by imposing a $25-each-way fee for the second bag checked. (Maxon, 2008) look by Maxon also famous that Southwest is imposing some fees, on January 29, 2008 is began initiating a $25 fee each way for the second bag checked. According to this research other airlines are also charging for transporting pets, travel by unaccompanied minuscules, shipping checked items such as antlers and ski gear or getting better seats. Theres no telling how long Southwest will stick with its passenger-friendly fee policy, but during this tough economy, Southwest managed to be the only profitable airline in the first quarter of 2008 and recently ranked as the crystalize U.S. airline in a major customer satisfaction survey.What does it take to succeed in a business as troubled as the airline business? It takes a unique strategic poi nt of view, a long-term commitment to that strategy, and a personality in the marketplace that customers find interesting, engaging, and compelling.That is why Southwest Airlines continues to fly high relative to the competition. In 2009, it was the only major carrier to turn a profit. In 37 years of operation, it has never lost money. Today, it is in the remarkable position of charging some of the lowest fares, paying relatively high wages (unlike its rivals, it has never used loser court to redo union contracts), and generating the best returns. Unusual, to be sure, but thats what happens when you agree a unique strategy with an engaged and upbeat workforceand you always look for customer-oriented ways to differentiate yourself. Last year, as the other big carriers generated $2 billion in checked-baggage fees, Southwest not only refused to charge for checked bags, but unveiled a hilarious ad campaign to gazump its rivals for doing so.SWOT AnalysisStrengths Most of Southwests st rengths are the same reasons why the airline has captured a comparative advantage in the airline industry. Southwest has been able to maintain a low cost approach to flights that has appealed to the budget minded(p) consumer. It is the first airline to offer reasonably priced travel packages with low frills and polished customer service. (Broughton, 2010) integrity strategy that Southwest uses to keep their costs low is to purchase only Boeing airplanes. This approach reduces repair costs and provides bulk discounts on purchases. Southwest has made itself very attractive to consumers by offering many customer oriented programs. It is the first airline that offered discounts on flights to senior citizens. In addition, it made the check-in process more efficient by initiating ticketless travel. With the no seat assignment policy, the process of boarding flights is not only time effective but also more cost effective then(prenominal) their competitors. Southwest Airlines is also th e only airline that offers credit on frequent flyer miles based on the number of trips taken with the airline or else of miles traveled. Another customer oriented program that Southwest has adopted is the Bags tent-fly Free Campaign and a new early bird check-in program that they are hopeful will have a taxation potential generating approximately $18 million dollars. The carrier also generated approximately $10 million in revenues from its new pet fare, unaccompanied minor service charges, and excess/heavy baggage fees. (Gittel, 2009) With more than 3,200 daily flights and 35,000 employees nationwide, SouthwestWeaknesses Although Southwest Airlines has consistently turned a profit that does not blotto that they are exempt from weaknesses. Weaknesses refer to the organizational impediments that Southwest must consider when making operational finiss. Southwest does not offer inter interior(a) flights. This decision limits Southwest flight locations to within the continental Unite d States. This weakness over time may become a barrier to increasing sales, as it is shutting out consumers that need to fly internationally. Southwests in dexterity to utilize online mental reservation agents is another weakness that the airline should reconsider. Companies such as Priceline.com and Expedia.com would be able to increase the airlines ticket sales and thus be better able to meet their load capacity. Load capacity is a serious concern to Southwest Airlines, as it represents the total number of passengers required to meet their breakeven point. Southwest Airlines does not use chat communications such as telecommunicate in its operations. Electronic forms of communication would provide the airline with a more direct and quicker way to interact with employees and customers.Opportunities Southwest Airlines has many opportunities which will help them to grow and stay productive. In the past, new technology developments have been one of the many driving forces which enabl ed growth for Southwest. Applying new technology to make the travel experience more enticing is an opportunity that Southwest continues to pursue. investigate and development to advance procedures and services within the industry would help the airline maintain its competitive edge by allowing the airline to introduce new products or services. Southwest should also focus on increasing their ability to advertise on the internet in order to reach a broader range of consumers. Currently, Southwest is planning on extending flights to further destinations. A long term amity for Southwest Airlines is to expand their flights internationally and to other national markets. The airline is also planning to increase the frequency of 65 flights while decreasing the frequency of 10 flights for a total net elaboration of 52. In addition, they are considering expanding services to include leisure or business classes.Finally, Southwest has initiated a labor reduction by launching a voluntary earl y-out program to better align staffing with the carriers capacity levels. The company expects yearbook savings in subsequent years from the program to exceed the cost of the program (Unknown, 2010) and with these savings Southwest can invest in other opportunities to maintain its success.Threats The threats that Southwest Airlines are faced with are situations, events or conditions that are faced by all airlines within the entire airline industry. One of the biggest threats that Southwest has had to face since 9/11 is the decline in the number of travelers for leisure. Many travelers since the terrorist attacks of 9/11 have opted to travel by car instead of flying out of fear. Since 9/11 there have been numerous terrorist attempts on airplanes. The most recent one was Christmas day 2009. In order for Southwest to continue to grow and survive in the airline market they must continue to communicate to their customers their dedication to the security of their passengers. In addition, Southwest must stand by their commitment by increasing airport security, which has and will continue to increase their costs on an annual basis.Another threat that the airline industry must contend with is the governments ability to create and execute new dominions that will affect airlines such as Southwest. Many of these regulations can increase operating costs. One such regulation includes restrictions on the types of aircraft used and limits on the number of operations. The biggest threat to the airline industry is the fluctuation in gas and oil prices. Southwest has managed to establish send away hedging contracts in the past which has given them the advantage over their competitors. However, these contracts are expiring and if Southwest cannot successfully renegotiate these contracts, they run the risk of subjecting themselves to higher fuel costs. This could have a negative impact on not only their future customer fares but also their profits as well. To date, they have re vised their fuel hedge portfolio to include derivative contracts in place for approximately 50% of their estimated 2010 fuel consumption. This revision has lowered their first quarter 2010 expected hedging premium costs by $30 million, which is $15 million lower than the fourth quarter 2009 costs.Market SegmentationMarket segmentation is among the most powerful weapons in the marketing arsenal. Joyce Rogge the vice chairwoman of marketing for Southwest states that, Our goal is to become the preferred airline in each city that we serve.. Southwest is consciously focusing on targeting mingled customer bases. The companys campaign has concentrated on attracting the African American demographic that remains prevalent in as many as 24 of 59 regions that Southwest Airlines serves. (Churchill, 2001)Southwest decided to partner with BETs ( foul Entertainment Television) Black College Football Classic Coverage, ESPN, and National Football League games to target the potent 25-54 demographic . The airline has used these avenues as well as partnerships with Pizza hut and Disney as part of their increasing advertising budget to target key demographic markets.With respect to the psychographic category, Southwest is meeting the cost conscious needs of flyers. Airline carriers like Delta, United, and American have battled for higher margins by indulge the price-insensitive business traveler, thereby effectively leaving behind a large number of consumers who hunt for bargains. As competing airlines have continued to increase costs to cater to customers who require plush seats, better wines, and airport lounges, Southwest rear the need to appeal to the comparatively undemanding flyer who absolutely had to travel but was not willing to pay the high fees charged by other carriers.Southwest has entered into a variety of intended geographic markets to include openings in Florida, Baltimore, and even Long Island where there is a shuttle service to Boston. In other words, Southwe st arrives where customers are, rather than spending time and causal agency to build traffic. This and other tactics have attributed to 23 years of profits for Southwest. (Haas, 2010) Although, segmentation is a great way to uncover growth markets, current segmentation practices often blind companies to market disruption-the most valuable kind of innovation.CONCLUSIONSouthwest has long been regarded as a benchmark in its industry for operational excellence. Southwest Airlines is a fine example of a company that is committed to its core competencies and efficient operations to drive its low cost structure, outstanding delivery of customer service, and innovative HR worry practices. It has the lowest costs and strongest balance sheet in its industry. This airline baron face many challenges in the future such as an increase in labor costs, fuel costs and competition from other low cost carriers. However, it still has the comparative advantage within the airline industry. Southwests competitors will not be able to grow as quickly as Southwest. In order for the competition to grow at a meteoric rate they would have to operate at a cost extend to or lower than Southwest. Southwest Airlines has taken all of the above factors into consideration in an effort to maintain itself as one of the top contenders in an ever changing industry. ReferencesChan, B. (2007, August). Why is Southwest Airlines one of the Best lowly Cost Airlines? Retrieved from http//fishtrain.com/2007/08/21Maxon, T. (2008, June). New Southwest Airlines ad campaign targets other airline fees. The Dallas Moring News. Retrieved from http//www.dallasnews.com/sharedcontent/dws/bus/stories/053108dnbusairnickel.3633d88Southwest Airlines Announces Service from Northwest Floridas New global Airport Near Panama City Beach, Florida. Southwest News Release. Retrieved from http//www.southwest.com/swamedia/pfnPressRelease.html?int=HOMEWNEW03CTYPFNChurchill, R. (2001, April). Southwest Airlines Powering a Sa les Liftoff-Southwest Airlines Co. advertising targets African-Americans-Brief Article-Statistical Data Included. Brandweek. Retrieved from http//findarticles.com/p/articles/mi_m0BDW/is_14_42/ai_72981547Gittell, Jody. The Southwest Airlines bureau Using the Power of Relationships to Achieve High Performance. McGraw-Hill Trade. December 19, 2009.Harvey, G., Turnbull, P. (2010). On the Go walking the high road at a low cost airline. The International Journal of Human Resource Management, 21(2), 230. Retrieved March 11, 2010, from ABI/INFORM worldwideJackson, W., Jackson, M. (1 July). Southwest Airlines The Next Fight Begins. Journal of the International Academy for miscue Studies,65-81. Retrieved March 11, 2010, from ABI/INFORM Global.Russell, Matthew, Southwest Airlines An Industry Leader, February 2010, http//www.associatedcontent.com.Smooth Landing Research Associates, Southwest Airlines, Cornell Universitys Johnson Graduate School of Management, 1997.Southwest Airlines Press Release, Southwest Airlines Reports quarter Quarter Profit and 37th Consecutive Year of Profitability, January 2010, http//phx.corporate-

Classroom Management: An introduction

mobroom Management An introduction1.0 Introduction householdroom worry is a border used by the instructor to plug the class run smoothly through the whole lesson. According to Moskowitz Hayman (1976), at once a instructor loses control of their schoolroom, it becomes more than difficult for them to regain backbone the control (Moskowitz Hayman, 1976, p. 283)). Other than that, a research from Berliner (1988) and Brophy Good (1986) shows that the time that instructor has to take to correct mis demeanor caused by poor schoolroom management skills results in a lower rate of academic engagement in the schoolroom (Berliner, 1988, p. 310 Brophy Good, 1986, p. 335). Several formulas such as classroom layout, classroom wrangle and classroom mood throw out be looked into in purchase order to fit the class run smoothly through the lesson.2.0 classroom layoutDesk orientation, bulletin c each(prenominal)ing card display, classroom decoration and classroom peripheral a tomic number 18 several(prenominal) things that are considered as classroom layout. Around the world, there are several layout that obligate been moldn such as traditional, restaurant, islands, horseshoe, seminar, laboratory, looking out, circle, story, chevrons and semi-circle (Wright 2005). However, among all of the classroom layout listed, restaurant and island layout two are widely use. For restaurant layout, the desks are arranged in random. It is practically permanent or semi-permanent. Restaurant layout are useful for a class that doing a lot of small group activities. Island layout is a layout of regular grouping. It smoke be gived by modifying benches so that the scholars on odd number can fit in. this layout are more or less the uniform as the restaurant layout but island layout are more carefully arranged (see accessory B (classroom layout)). The way of the disciple desks being organized shows the teachers teaching style. When the students go in the class, the students bequeath immediately k directs whether they will be persisting as a group with other student or they are ask to do the decease individually. In a class, different grade train of student may result in a different desk collection but, the traditional layout of rows of individual desks may non provide the crush cultivation environment for the students. In order to support the collaboration, restaurant or island layout is the best choice since the layout group the students together. By grouping the students together, the student can shared scholarship experience, group discussion and small group activities. To promote the sensation of union of the whole class, arrange the class to circle layout, story layout or semi-circle layout. The displays around the class will tell the student the things that they have vigorous-educated during the previous class. By displaying the students effort on the bulletin boards will revolutionise student and increase their motivat ion to learn. Besides, it will also promote culture to the students. Other than that, displaying a lot of books at the students level, a comfortable rug and providing a reading space will encourage the students to read more often. Providing a clear marked area for the students to place their home browse will build the class more organize. It is important to create an environment that make the student feel loved, safe and excited to learn.3.0 classroom LanguageClassroom languages are used throughout the lesson in the class. From the beginning of the class until the difference of the class, every(prenominal) teacher use classroom language to talk to the students. Classroom language is the kind of language used to communicate in the class without using the mother tongue. There are a few ways of presenting classroom language. It can be presented from the student, from the teacher, from the reading material and the real smear in class. The words used by the student such as May I come in? are one exercise of the classroom language. Another example is Excuse me. The language by the students ought to be more polite if they talk to the teachers. It is not the same when they talk to their peers. In the real situation in class, the teacher strength face the misbehavior student in the class. The choice of word from the teacher is a baptismal font of the language in the class. For example, if a student making off-task noise in the class and the teacher want him or her to stay quiet. Instead of precept shut up, the teacher will say could you please be quiet. This way, the students are more prompt to follow the order of the teacher. The classroom language also applied when the teacher giving instruction well-nigh the task, monitoring the work of students, asking permission and also when the students ask questions to the teacher. The reason for getting the student to communicating is because it represents a necessary stage in transfer the classroom learning to the outside world. When the students are communicating to each other, they are very enhanced the learning. The arguments between peers are making them to go through the mathematical process of sharing their idea and improve the understanding of the certain topic.4.0 Classroom modalityMaintaining a right-hand(a) classroom modality is importance in order to have a better learning atmosphere and master(prenominal)tain the counsel of the student towards lesson in the class. Classroom humour is referred to learning environment, as well as the atmosphere, ambience and ecology. (Adelman Taylor 2005). In short, classroom climate can be said as the setting of the class. The setting of the class is related to the classroom behavior and learning. A research also suggests the significant familys between classroom climate and student engagement in class, behavior, achievement, social and emotional organic evolution, and general quality of school biography (Fraser 1998 Freiberg 1999) . In order to enhance the classroom climate, there are close to blastes that can be taken. This includes enhancing the quality of life of the students and the staff in class. A good relationship between the teacher and students are helpful to enhance the good classroom climate. At Comptom radical School, they have a remains cal direct as home schooling. It is a system where a teacher is in charge for a class. This means that, the teacher the students really well such as their names and background. This kind of relationship also helps in the participation of the staff that is the teacher and the students in conclusiveness making. They can actually discuss about what they feel and what they want thusly help in enhancing the classroom climate. Maintaining and enhancing the positive classroom climate is the main focus of all staff in the school. Having the teacher assi situation in the school can increase the teacher ability in the class. In addition, teacher assistance can work w ith the teacher to improve classroom climate by enhancing and maintaining a positive classroom climate that promote well being and deal with barrier in teaching and learning (Adelman Taylor 1997). A class consists of students that come with different abilities and it is hard for a teacher to deal with all the students alone. The students with lower ability will sometimes create problems in class thus will result in disrupting the climate of the class. When this happen, teacher assistance will assist the student and help the teacher to deal with the problem. At the same time, this will restore the positive classroom climate. From my visit to the All Saints Academy Plymouth, the teacher have difficulties in dogmatic the class when a few problematic students and ultimately disrupted the climate of the class. There is no assistance that helps the teacher to deal with and respond to the all of the students. Classroom climate can also be controlled by the carnal aspect of the class. T he ideal classroom will have a good lighting for the class. This is refers to clean and tidy classroom. A classroom with the positive climate should be attr agile, comfortable and well-lighted. Which means the class is not too fresh and not too dark (see appendix A (pictures)). This physical aspect such as temperature and noise that are liable(predicate) affect the student concentration and focus in the class are also pitch the classroom climate. The arrangement of the internal feature of the class such as desks and prexy is also importance. Maybe the teacher has no control about the size of the class, but the teacher can control the arrangement of the chair and desk inside the class. A good classroom climate in term of space is where the space in the class has been adjusted so that an active interaction may occur in the class. It also permitted the student to see the board clearly and allow the teacher to be close to the student. Classroom climate can also be improved by displa ying the students work on the wall. This can encourage student in their own work and motivate them. However, all the students should have the same opportunity for their work to be displayed on the wall.Was Post-War Britain Tolerant and Multi pagan?Was Post-War Britain Tolerant and Multicultural?Post-war Britain is best draw as a repellent and multicultural belt along. Discuss.In discussing this proposition, it is necessary to rig tolerant and multicultural to intentionally confine the parameters of the discussion. Within this essay tolerant will be defined as an attitude of mind that implies non-judgemental sufferance of different lifestyles or beliefs, and multicultural as a monastic order that contains several and discrete cultural or ethnic groups. Generally speaking, a democracy has to show voluntaryness to accept other social and ethnic groups inside its participation. frequently literature has explored how migration shaped Britain since World War II, including some (prenominal) the outlooks of Authority, Establishment and the British People towards immigrants. It is widely accepted there have been four development phases since 1948 the low gear wave of pioneers from the Caribbean and the Asian subcontinent, who were mainly single men both skilled and semi-skilled, next came an unskilled fatigue force, followed by their wives and children, and ultimately the British-born generation. This twine migration clearly affected the demographics of Britain and it is likely the indigenous universe was not expecting such a large influx of migrants, and the resultant pressure and increase competition for limited resources in lodgement, employment and social services. It is possible that the rowdy behaviour of the immigrant population caused frictions between distinct communities. This essay will also maneuver the question of ethnic groups within the general Commonwealth migration that came to be targets of racism, out-of-pocket to the fact they were non- light and stood out in a generally exsanguine population. From the 1948 British studyity feign, government practised a laizzez-faire tone-beginning to migration, and only following change magnitude populace opposition did they institute controls on immigration from 1962.British individuation came to be identified as tolerant, this mind-set emanated from Victorian and violetist determine of honour, respect, justice and fair play. This was further embedded in the minds of the British population with the experiences of World War II. Nevertheless, according to Chris Waters, Britains sense of national unity started to decompose after 1945.1 A possible explanation for this disintegration might be the introduction of the 1948 British Nationality Act, this created a new immigration system without restrictions every person born within the United Kingdom and Colonies shall be a citizen of the United Kingdom and Colonies by birth or descent.2 The resultant offspring of this legislation led directly to the sailing the Empire Windrush in 1948 from Jamaica to capital of the United Kingdom carrying 492 non-white passengers, and increased migration generally from the Caribbean and the Asian subcontinent. These workers flocked to the mother country to fill labour vacancies, especially in the transport and health services. The labour government, 1945-1951, initially believed that by sharing out the new arrivals across the country they would assimilate and compound into British society, adopting British values. However, this approach became impracticable for two likely reasons. Firstly, society at large perceived the migrants as contrary to British values,3 and a threat to national cohesion. Secondly, the migrants wanted to stick together in the same locale. Inner cities became predominantly inhabited by immigrants who brought new religions, cultures, languages and dress. Moreover, immigration statistics highlighted the increasing impact new immigrants place d on housing and employment. It has been estimated, by the mid-1950s, persons of rubric entering Britain rose to about 20,000 per year.4 There may have been a divergence in attitude between general populace and governments policies that had an approach of non-intervention, with the Establishment perhaps believing the problems would just go away. The 1948 Act did not distinguish immigration from any parts of the Commonwealth, and it may be the case that members of the Cabinet were unwilling to enact legislation that differentiated between white and non-white migrants.In the 1950s there was increasing hostility towards non-white immigrants culminating in the Notting pitcher riots of 1958. These riots are often cited as a catalyst that led to immigration control, however, it does appear that the racial aspect was not recognised at the time. in series(p) legislations in 1962, 1968 and 1971 restricted immigration to the UK, and this was further constrained in 1981 when Britain closed (a) its doors to the Commonwealth. In 1968 Enoch Powell warned of what he saw as the consequences of unregulated immigration. His incendiary Rivers of Blood5 lyric stillness enflames emotions. In this speech, he highlighted the dangers of unchecked immigration and advocated the cessation of immigration to Britain. In addition, he urged a policy of repatriation for all those immigrants already colonized in the UK. It is interesting to note that the 1971 Act, curbing immigration, subsequently followed. Some historians repugn that successive government legislations, at this time, both defined the British National indistinguishability as white and circumscribed racist sentiments, convincing the public by stressing the dangers of uncontrolled colonial migration,6 especially the one produced by a large-scale family reunion. This opinion is further underpinned by both Labours and Conservatives who believed that civil upheaval would be avoided by imposing strict migration controls. A dif ferent stance is taken by Randall Hensen when he asserts that the dry land did not promote racism, on the contrary, it accepted the transformation of the UK into a multicultural society, and that it had begun in the 1950s.7 Succeeding governments promoted anti-discriminatory legislations in the forms of the run for traffic Acts of 1965 and 1968, gradually reducing injustice relative to housing and employment. It is thus evident that these acts were aimed at avoiding discriminations based on race and colour. It is thusly reasonable to assume that racism had been politically recognised for the first time. The first serious discussion and analysis of multiculturalism in Britain come ind from Bhikhu Parekhs study. His interpretation is that a multicultural society consists of several cultures that have an open and equal dialogue between them, which in turn should foster a strong sense of unity and respect amongst its citizens,8 ultimately, minorities are less likely to assimilate i f assimilation is impose from above. To sum up, the idea of multiculturalism is tied to a concept of national identity and culture. The impact of race anti-discrimination legislation sought to modify the populations behaviour stating clearly what was, and what was not, acceptable in public life. However, it cannot be asserted that a nation is truly multicultural when it is only conforming to legislation.By the 1970s, many of the migrants had now British-born children, and there was an exponential rise in the number of births from migrants originating from the Indian subcontinent. This number caused relocation in other parts of the United Kingdom cognize as spatial development9. It is recognised that these groups were tied closely to a distinct set of mores, often emanating from a religious context. Thus, the British community, in communicate of this translocation, may have felt a resentment towards an unfamiliar community, often not recognising an alien culture. Goulbourne asser ts that to fully participate in society a person needs access to housing, jobs and education, and it is in these three areas that migrants experienced the close to problems and resistance.10 Clearly, increased competition for limited resources created an obstacle to integration and discriminatory practices started to emerge in both housing, education and the working environment. Similar discrimination occurred within the black community whereby the police were accused of both violence and bullying. These accusations led directly to the Brixton Riots of 1981. For Nairns, racism derives from nationalism, the one that has been instilled in the minds of the British people by the right-wing politicians eager to preserve the Whites as the true bearers of the national identity. On the other hand, Anderson claims that racism stems from the ideologies of class,11 in this case between the white working men and the migrants being excluded, to seize the available resources. Within this last c onstruct, race could be exposit as only fictional.12 Nevertheless, not all Blacks and Asians were targeted, and the ground promoted a series of legislations to avoid a collision, introducing laws aiming at discouraging uncharitable practices in the work place and the education environment. It can be wherefore stated that, whoever showed a positive commitment to Britain, and to the English way of life, authentic appreciation from the local and national communities it was a two-way relationship. On these grounds, it is likely that multiculturalism was not a ill luck, rather it was implemented, by the means of the Race Relations Acts, and was a positive influence for Britain promoting equality.Whilst this essay supports the premise that post-war Britain is best described as a tolerant and multicultural nation, there have been many different events that have happened since the free-for-all in 1948 British Nationality Act. The laissez-faire approach of various governments to immigr ation from 1948 stoked intolerant attitudes to non-white immigrants, which resulted in the Rivers of Blood speech and the 1981 Brixton Riots, that eventually led to the effective closing the doors as legislated in the 1981 Immigration Act. The failure to support immigrants to assimilate and integrate into British society, combined with legislation to stamp out acts of racism, led to the 1965 and 1968 Race Relations Acts that forced a more multicultural approach to change. Hence, the State has been instrumental to protect racial ethnic diversity and to promote difference. On the other hand, it has also been demonstrated that British society was less inclined to accept minority groups due to the prejudice that they would denigrate the very essence of their identity. This was at a time when the loss of the Imperial pre-eminence and the experiences of the WWII were being nostalgically reconstructed, making still further frictions between white and non-white communities. Competition for resources, i.e. housing, jobs and education, exacerbated public sentiment leading to further tensions. At the same time, propaganda from various right-wing politicians juxtaposed Britishness as being white, hence these ideologies might have played an important part in shaping peoples attitudes towards those of a different race. Thereby, the argument shifted, in the late 1950s, towards race relations with some parts of British society campaigning against racial discrimination and migration controls. With regards to multiculturalism, this wallpaper has also attempted to show that both British and newcomers were not willing to accept each other customs. For the former it was an aggression to their values, and for the latter a feeling of social exclusion in terms of low pay, unemployment and worst housing. Tolerance and multiculturalism in Britain have received much attention in the past fifty years, but as capital of Minnesota Gilroy claims, there is still no understanding why Br itain was unable to come to terms with its minority groups,13 and many questions remain unanswered. Eventually, in response to Gilroys challenge, it could be alleged that if the State had implemented clear integration policies sooner, then tolerance and multiculturalism would have been a constant since 1948 due to the self-declared openness of the British society. In conclusion, it can be suggested that multiculturalism was implemented not via assimilation, but by the means of legislation and that they are still at the core of a tolerant and multicultural Britain in the twenty-first century.1 Chris, Waters, Dark Strangers in our midst discourses of race and nation in Britain, 1947-1963, Journal of British Studies, vol. 36, No. 2, Twentieth British studies, (April, 1997), p.2082 British Nationality Act 1948, Part II, sections 4 and 5, accessed 9th March 10173 Chris, Waters, Dark Strangers, p.2174 Ibid., p.2095 Enoch Powells Rivers Of Blood Speech, accessed 9th March 20176 Paul Kathl een cited in Randall, Hansen, Citizenship and immigration in Post-War Britain the institutional origins of a multicultural nation, (Oxford University Press, 2000), p.137 Randall, Hansen, Citizenship and immigration, p.178 Parekh, Bhikhu, C., Rethinking multiculturalism cultural diversity and political theory, (Palgrave, 2000), pp. 13, 196-1979 Colin, Holmes, A tolerant country? immigrants, refugees, and minorities in Britain, (London, 1991), p.410 Goulbourne, Harry, Race relations in Britain since 1945, (Palgrave, 1998), p.7611 Nairns and Anderson cited in Paul, Gilroy, There aint no black in the Union Jack the cultural politics of race and nation, (New ed. London, 2002), p.4312 Stuart, Hall, Race, Articulation, and Societies Structured in Dominance Sociological Theories Race and Colonialism, (Paris UNESCO, 1980), p.33813 Gilroy, Paul, There aint no black in the Union Jack the cultural politics of race and nation, (New ed. London, 2002), p.37

Cloning :: essays research papers fc

Bioethics, which is the study of nvirtuoso assess judgments pertaining to human conduct in the area ofbiology and includes those related to the enforce of medicine, has been an important aspect ofall areas in the scientific field (Bernstein, Maurice, M.D.). It is iodine of the factors that sayswhether or non certain scientific look can go on, and if it can, under which rules andregulations it must abide by. One of the most recent and disputable issues facing our societytoday is the idea of clone. On February 23, 1997, Ian Wilmut, a Scottish scientist, along withhis colleagues at the Roslin Institute and PPL Therapeutics, announced to the world that theyhad cloned a lamb, which they named Dolly, later on Dolly Parton, from an adult sheep (Mario,Christopher). The two share the same nucleic DNA, provided dissent in terms of their mitochondrial DNA,which is vitally important for the regulation of the cell. The media and the press disregard this fact,and thus claimed that D olly and her mother were genetically identical, which sparked a fury of shout all around the world. The technique of transferring a nucleus from a material cell into anegg cell of which the nucleus had been removed, called nuclear transplantation, is an extension ofenquiry that had been ongoing for over 40 years. Up until now, scientists thought that adult cells could not be reprogrammed to behavelike a fertilized egg and create an embryo, just now the evidence obtained by Dollys success proveotherwise. The issues of clone have been around for a long time, starting with the normalation ofJoshua Lederbergs 1966 article on clone in the American Naturalist, and the state-supporteds interesthas been perked by many sci-fi books, movie houses, and movies including Aldous Huxleys 1932 novelBrave New World, 1973s Sleeper, the 1978 movie The Boys from Brazil, and mostrecently, the movie Multiplicity (Mario, Christopher). The ethical, legal, and moral issuesaroused by re-create have be en raised by previous projects, and are now alone emerging again,with its focus on three major points the shift from inner reproduction with that of a sexualreplication of existing genes the ability to predetermine the genes of a child and the ability tocreate many genetically identical children (Report/Recommendations of the NBAC). The public responded to Dolly with a mixture of fear and excitement, questioning thebenefits and the disasters that could happen in the future if research was to continue. From a polltaken by Maurice Bernstein, M.D., the results showed that 72% of the votes said that cloningCloning essays research papers fc Bioethics, which is the study of value judgments pertaining to human conduct in the area ofbiology and includes those related to the utilize of medicine, has been an important aspect ofall areas in the scientific field (Bernstein, Maurice, M.D.). It is one of the factors that sayswhether or not certain scientific research can go on, and if it c an, under which rules andregulations it must abide by. One of the most recent and contentious issues facing our societytoday is the idea of cloning. On February 23, 1997, Ian Wilmut, a Scottish scientist, along withhis colleagues at the Roslin Institute and PPL Therapeutics, announced to the world that theyhad cloned a lamb, which they named Dolly, by and by Dolly Parton, from an adult sheep (Mario,Christopher). The two share the same nucleic DNA, but differ in terms of their mitochondrial DNA,which is vitally important for the regulation of the cell. The media and the press ignored this fact,and thus claimed that Dolly and her mother were genetically identical, which sparked a fury of phone call all around the world. The technique of transferring a nucleus from a somatic cell into anegg cell of which the nucleus had been removed, called nuclear transplantation, is an extension ofresearch that had been ongoing for over 40 years. Up until now, scientists thought that adult cells c ould not be reprogrammed to behavelike a fertilized egg and create an embryo, but the evidence obtained by Dollys success proveotherwise. The issues of cloning have been around for a long time, starting with the publication ofJoshua Lederbergs 1966 article on cloning in the American Naturalist, and the publics interesthas been perked by many sci-fi books, films, and movies including Aldous Huxleys 1932 novelBrave New World, 1973s Sleeper, the 1978 film The Boys from Brazil, and mostrecently, the movie Multiplicity (Mario, Christopher). The ethical, legal, and moral issuesaroused by cloning have been raised by previous projects, and are now but emerging again,with its focus on three major points the shift from sexual reproduction with that of asexualreplication of existing genes the ability to predetermine the genes of a child and the ability tocreate many genetically identical children (Report/Recommendations of the NBAC). The public responded to Dolly with a mixture of fear and ex citement, questioning thebenefits and the disasters that could happen in the future if research was to continue. From a polltaken by Maurice Bernstein, M.D., the results showed that 72% of the votes said that cloning

Psychotherapy via Bellow in Seize the Day Essay -- Seize the Day Essay

Psychotherapy via Bellow in assume the Day The ending of entrance the Day is ironic and revealing about the theme of the entire novella. When Tommy Wilhelm unknowingly attends a funeral for a stranger, he begins to sob uncontrollably at the stilt of the unknown corpse. It is a painful reminder of his own mortality and a cathartic release of emotion he has been building up everywhere the downward spiraling course of his life. However, it is ironic because Tommy is the only one at the funeral who is expressing such emotion and it makes others in attendance believe he essential have been very close to the deceased to be so devastated. In other words, no one is crying for the dead man, not level(p) Tommy, but Tommy is crying for himself. This is not only irony but serves to emphasize the entire theme of the novel-laugh and the world laughs with you cry and you cry alone. Instead of grasping the day and living in the here-and-now, Tommy is torn by anxiety oer the future and reg ret over the past. Because of this, he believes he is in take of some kind of favor, or break, or sympathy. However, he comes to realize that, manage the tears we often shed for ourselves, pity is often a individual(prenominal) exercise of self and seldom forthcoming from others. He recognizes this because he learns that from the post of others, he is the only one to blame for his repeated mistakes and his repeated failures. As he muses at one point when in need of sympathy, And why, Wilhelm gain ground asked, should he or anybody else pity me or why should I be pitied sooner than another fellow? It is my childish mind that thinks people argon ready to give it just because you need it (Bellow 93). Tommy considers himself a failure because he has taken to heart... ...isis helps him to accept the discomforts that come with being free and fully alive, and, as the novella ends, we can only hope from that moment on Tommy lead begin to seize the day each day in the model as he str ives to make something of himself in the here-and-now for the future, his own and others. WORKS CITED Bellow, S. Seize The Day. (9th printing). New York, The Viking Press, 1968. Christy, M. Bellows pleasure in imaginary states. Boston Globe Online. http//www.boston.com/ orb/search/stories/nobel/1989/1989e.html, Nov. 15, 1989 1-4. Stein, H. T. and Edwards, M. E. Classical Adlerian theory and practice. http//ourworld.compuserve.com/homepages/hstein/theoprac.htm, Aug. 21, 1998 1-19. Stevenson, D. B. Freuds division of the mind. http//landow.stg.brown.edu/HTatBrown/freud/Division_of_Mind.html, Oct. 4, 1999 1-2.

of mice and men :: essays research papers

"Of Mice and Men" is a skillful novel, which deals with the theme of outsiders, that is, individuals who do non fit into the mainstream of society. The novel portrays this theme of l mavinliness throughout John Steinbecks bear upon and exciting novel.When Lennie kills Curleys Wife, Steinbeck describes Curleys wife as a prettier figure. He writes, "The intimacy and the plannings of the discontent and the ache for attention were all at peace(p) from her face." (p.128) This shows that nowadays Curleys wife is dead, she now looks happy and has escaped from her loneliness. Even though Curleys wife is manpowertioned frequently, we never hit the sack what her name is. This just shows how people do not c are for others, star(p) to loneliness. I think all the manpower do not visit her as a normal homo being, but and object, this object refers to the video recording since in the picture there stands one tree in the midst of no where thus representing loneliness. All of the men are to scared to chide to her in case Curley becomes jealous and wants to issue a fight. She has no effeminate friends on the ranch, so the men are her unless option, but they do not want to become friends with her. She descry out Lennie and wants to start a friendship with him as all of the others devotion Curley and will have cipher to do with her. She says to Lennie Think I jadet like to call downing to to somebody ever once in a while? This shows that she is act to tell Lennie that she desperately needs to talk to somebody as she simply does ever talk to anyone because they do not listen to her. The dreams that so galore(postnominal) of Steinbecks characters have are in the end covering pains and difficulties that they whitethorn be enduring. Curleys wife is the only main character that Steinbeck did not provide a name for. This could be for the reason that the men at the ranch saw her as a nobody and a rise therefore Steinbeck is showing she shoul d not be issued with her own name.I am given the impression that she is living in two lives. In veracity she is living in a drilling ranch, with no companionship in isolation. However, she also believes that she would make it to the movies one day. She says to Lennie "I aint used to livin like this.of mice and men essays research papers "Of Mice and Men" is a skillful novel, which deals with the theme of outsiders, that is, individuals who do not fit into the mainstream of society. The novel portrays this idea of loneliness throughout John Steinbecks stimulating and exciting novel.When Lennie kills Curleys Wife, Steinbeck describes Curleys wife as a prettier figure. He writes, "The meanness and the plannings of the discontent and the ache for attention were all gone from her face." (p.128) This shows that now Curleys wife is dead, she now looks happy and has escaped from her loneliness. Even though Curleys wife is mentioned frequently, we never know what her name is. This just shows how people do not care for others, leading to loneliness. I think all the men do not consider her as a normal human being, but and object, this object refers to the picture since in the picture there stands one tree in the middle of no where thus representing loneliness. All of the men are to scared to talk to her in case Curley becomes jealous and wants to start a fight. She has no female friends on the ranch, so the men are her only option, but they do not want to become friends with her. She spots out Lennie and wants to start a friendship with him as all of the others fear Curley and will have nothing to do with her. She says to Lennie Think I dont like to talk to somebody ever once in a while? This shows that she is trying to tell Lennie that she desperately needs to talk to somebody as she hardly does ever talk to anyone because they do not listen to her. The dreams that so many of Steinbecks characters have are ultimately covering pains and difficult ies that they may be enduring. Curleys wife is the only main character that Steinbeck did not provide a name for. This could be for the reason that the men at the ranch saw her as a nobody and a tramp therefore Steinbeck is showing she should not be issued with her own name.I am given the impression that she is living in two lives. In reality she is living in a boring ranch, with no companionship in isolation. However, she also believes that she would make it to the movies one day. She says to Lennie "I aint used to livin like this.

Comparing Imagery in Frosts Acquainted with the Night and Sexton s He

Imagery in Frosts Acquainted with the Night and Sexton s Her kind   In order to maximize meaning and boilers suit total assemble of a piece of establish, writers give various literary devices.  These techniques enhance the authors work and add a dimension that results in higher reader satisfaction.  throughout the meters I pull in read this quarter thus far, I have discovered the use of imagery as a prominent seed of literary embellishment.  In particular the image of iniquity is used in poems Acquainted with the Night, written by Robert Frost, and  Her Kind, written by Anne Sexton, to portray a dark and lonely tone.  All through both poems there is a dark feeling call satisfactory to word selection and associations to evil things.  The use of night in both cases helps to solidify the idea of loneliness.  Each poem puts to work the same image to create the same affect but each work has slight differences and similarities in the way it mak es night pay to loneliness.               Imagery can be presented in m both different ways.  A strong image of night exists all over Robert Frosts piece, Acquainted with the Night, due to a very descriptive representation of things that happen or fit to the night.  By simply describing the details of night Frost can keystone a picture of a lonely man.  The key to using imagery is to choose images that have very distinct characteristics that associate themselves with that image.  Frosts idea of choosing night to portray a sense of being alone is due to the connections of cold, dark, lopsided and unknowns that go along with the night.  The same affect would not be subject to be created if the ... ...unt the night with power.  Through the use of imagery the writer is able to apply several different meanings by using one unprejudiced image.  This makes the poems overall affect more efficient in making it s point.  The report card has become less wordy and is able to make a splendid scene with out the need of extensive descriptions.               Examining the differences and similarities of the two different applications of night as an image of loneliness, is a good way to determine what the overall feel of the poem is.  When reading these works one must admit the existing mold of an image and see if there are any dual meanings of why the author chose that particular concept.  The use of an image as a literary devise allows the piece to touch its readers on a more personal level.  

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Essays -- Death of a Salesman Arth

Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman Arthur Millers Death of a Salesman was written after the fleck World War while the Ameri potty economy was booming. Society was bonny very materialistic, and the idea that anyone could make it in America was popular. These societal beliefs tend a large part in Death of a Salesman, a play in which the main character, Willy Loman, spends a lifetime chasing after the American Dream. Willy was sold on the wrong ambitiousness. He was enamored with a figment of American ideals and chose to put aside his real talents in pursuit of a fantasy. In several instances of the play, we see that Willy is a skilled carpenter. He wants to retread the front step just to show off to his brother, and he is always fixing things around the house. However, he doesnt see carpentry as an acceptable occupation. It entails hard work and there isnt any renown in it. Instead, he chooses to follow the dream of being a happy gross revenueman. The problem is tha t Willy doesnt seem to have any of the skills needed to be a salesman. He deludes himself into thinking that he is vital in y come forthhful England but we find come out of the closet during his meeting with Howard that even during his good long time he wasnt doing as well as he cerebration he was. He has convinced himself that he averages one hundred and 70 dollars a week in commission, but Howard tells him otherwise. This is a shock to Willy hes non used to having reality forced upon him. Willy sees being a salesman as a worthy profession he apparently puts a lot of effort into his sales pitches. His ideal fate is the same as Dave Singlemans to be so well-liked that he can make sales over the phone and to have hundred of people attend his funeral. Willy is dim to the... ... he tries to tell Happy that Willy didnt know himself. Unfortunately, Happy is gloss over living in a world of illusions, and he becomes angry with pommel and says He had a good dream. Its the o nly dream you can have to come out number one man. He fought it out here, and this is where Im gonna win it for him. Ironically, Willy killed himself so that Biff could carry out his dreams of success, but Happy is the one who actually believed in Willys dream and vows to win it for him. As Linda looks over Willys grave, she tells us that the house has in conclusion been paid off that they are finally out of debt. If only Willy had been willing to take a job from Charley, they could have been living an easy life. But, Willys illusions of being a good salesman and his pride in false beliefs would not allow him to. Willy has died chasing the illusion of the American Dream.

Explain Different Religious teachings on Life After Death :: essays research papers fc

Over two thousand years ago deification Tiruvalluvar wrote that "Death is like falling asleep, and birth is like awakening from that sleep."The early(a) Hindus did non believe in Heaven, nor did they ascribe to such desire. Their early teachings were that they would be reunited with Mother Nature. There was no yearning to peppy eternally their prayers were for a healthy life. The notion of renascence and Heaven evolved bothplace time. In the Hindu religion, righteousness and to be without sin is of paramount importance. They ar the determining factors whether one goes to Heaven or Hell. The Hindus teach, As it does and as it acts, so it becomes The doer of good becomes good, and the doer of grievous becomes evil" Hindus moved onto believe in a cyclical time span. This federal agency they believe people don not live and die vertical once but are reborn a number of quantify before reaching their final state.Hindus believe that after death the intellect is re born in this world to live a new life. What the psyche and into which caste they are reborn into is decided by there karma. Karma volition try to increase their goof karma by keeping dharma which is their duty to the Gods. The form of being born growing, dying and being reborn is called samsara. It is the goal of every Hindu to be freed from this cycle in order to be in the presence of God or become on with God. The idea of reincarnation derives from the Bhagavad-Gita. There are three four indites imparticular, the first one blabber about the soul not ever being born or dying that it is always alive and it is therefore the trunk which dies. It (the self) is not born, and It does not die nor is it ever that this One having been nonexistent becomes existent again. This One is birthless, eternal, undecaying, ancient It is not killed when the body is killed. - Gita Ch. 2 Verse 20The second verse related to reincarnation states As after rejecting (discarding) wear out clothes a ma n takes up other new ones (clothes), likewise after rejecting worn-out bodies the embodied one (soul) duly attains new ones. -Gita Ch.2 Verse 22. As if when the body is worn and grow as much as it can, the soul moves on.The ternion verse discusses that fact the reincarnation is a certainty.

Journey Theme in Whitman’s O Captain! My Captain! and Tennyson’s Crossi

Journey Theme in Whitmans O original My master copy and Tennysons Crossing the Bar A mans journey at sea has always been romanticized as an individualistic fight back against the backdrop of the cruel elements of nature. Paradoxically, though, at heart that same journey, the sea possesses an innate sniff out of timelessness that can become a mans betoken for God. In O headman My Captain Walt Whitman describes the narrators sense of aimlessness at sea after his beloved Captain dies. In manufacturing business Alfred Tennysons Crossing the Bar, the speaker is beckoned by the sea and its soundlessness even though he senses foredoom there. And so, although both Whitman and Tennyson employ a voyage at sea as the predominant image and metaphor within similar structural frameworks, they do differ in how they agree the journey and depict the tone of the numbers. In O Captain My Captain uses the ship, the voyage at sea, and the Captain, within the poem to describe the mood of the united States in the immediate aftermath of the Civil War. The fearful voyage at sea, then, is an appropriate metaphor for the arduous Civil War, which has finally ended, but ironically, the Captain of the ship, Abraham Lincoln, has fallen dead (Line 2). Whitman uses extensive imagery to describe the North, awaiting the ship to dock, exulting, and their bore faces turning (Whitman, Lines 3, 12). But at the same time, there are inherent burdens of grief that the war brings. Whitman describes the postwar era with a pervading irony within the poem although the prize we sought is won, the true reality of the situation reflects a phyrric victory (Line 2). The narrators mournful tread on the underprice of the ship becomes symbolic for the United States, as the Sout... ...orates the death of the Captain, Tennyson discusses crossing into the terra firma of the afterlife with a stoic calmness, which ultimately leads a solitary death. However, both poets seem to realize their own mortalit y and that death is an indestructible force. trance Tennysons everyday narrator treats crossing the bar as another(prenominal) symbolic stage of the human existence, the beloved Captain is ironically futile to defeat it despite what horrors he may have overcome at sea. Death, then, transcends the social divide no one, from the common man of Tennysons poem to a brave, revered Captain, who has survived the perils at sea, can conquer it.Works CitedTennyson, Alfred Lord. Alfred Lord Tennyson Selected Poems. New York Penguin Books , 1992. Whitman, Walt. Leaves of Grass. 1892 ed. New York Bantam Books, 1983.PID 00621Marlow Engl. 12 Sect. 37

JavaScript :: essays research papers

Within this report is reading on how java mitt is used on the Internet. This report allow for contain in spend a pennyation that will help you learn about coffee bean Script and its uses on the Internet. It mentions what java Script is, where it originated and what some of its uses are.JavaScript is a loosely typed scripting language that resembles the programme language C. It is designed to be an extension to hypertext markup language and is usually include within HTML scripts. Java Script is object-oriented and has block-structuring features. The main feature of Java Script is that it lets you habitus interactive web pages. Java Script allows you to move to a users stimulation in the form of text, buttons selected, or mouse detents, and stooge generate a response to the users computer. Java Script originated from within the labs of Netscape communications Corporation in 1994. It was invented so a computing language could build web pages and applications more effectively . When it first appeared it was thought that it was a immature form of C, but later turned out to be this wonderful new language called JavaScript. There were skeptics that said the language was a dud and would never catch on, but now more people are information Java Script then ever before.JavaScript is used within HTML tags so that the page setup in already present when the Java Script starts to run. There are many different uses for Java Script on the Net. It sight be used to earn mail forms that a customer or person trying to input information can use. The program will allow the user to input information, then it will automatically mail that info to a designated email address with the click of a button. It can also be used to put a password on a certain web page a user trying to enter the page must then input the correct commands and passwords to enter the page. Another command added to this code will make it so that if the user enters the wrong password the code will send them to a site of the scripts designers choice. Java Script is also a favorite language for making simple interactive games like bridge and marijuana cigarette games. These codes can provide hours of fun Java Script is used primarily on pages that need to allow users to enter information or hire from options on the page.

Emily Dickinson on the Addictive Process Essay -- Emily Dickinson Auth

Emily Dickinson on the Addictive ProcessAwareness of Emily Dickinson has grown and deepened everyplace the pattern of the twentieth century such that the delightful andplatitude-laden verses, as they were initially viewed, founder provento be rich, often ironic, highly complex explorations of one poetssubjectivity. Dickinsons poetry at once challenges us to confrontaspects of our own inner processes in relation to psychologicalpain, death, the world and realistic -- though not undoubted --transcendence of it, and frustrated desire, to name just a few ofthe themes. The emergence of discourse on dependences, both tosubstances and to modes of behavior, gives us a textile in whichwe can newly assess one of Dickinsons poems, and even though thepoets particular life circumstances -- involving the influence ofPuritanism, which would also affect Dickinsons contemporariesHerman Melville and Nathaniel Hawthorne, the limitations set(p) onwomen in nineteenth-century America in general, and EmilyDickinsons own self-limiting reclusive existence -- resist fromour late-twentieth-century circumstances, nonetheless Dickinsonspoetry presents the overall shape of the subjective process underlying addiction in such an abstract form, that the work inquestion speaks to us directly over a century later. The circumstances alluded to above brought the poet into a situation in which she was caught between the desire to communicate her reflections on life -- she sent poems as both letters and aesthetic objects with illustrations of a collage character to friends -- and the suspicion of worldly success and fame proceeding from the Puritanical tradition embodied in the writings of the eighteenth-century preacher Jonathan Edwards. Whereas a later --and ma... ...mith, Barbara Herrnstein. Poetic Closure A Study of HowPoems End. Chicago U of Chicago P, 1968.Turner, Clara unusedman. My Personal Acquaintance with Emily Dickinson in Sewall, Richard B., The Life of EmilyDickinson vol. 1. in the altogether York Farrar, Straus & Giroux,1974.Van Wyck, William. Emily Dickinsons Songs out of Sorrow. Personalist, 18, no.2 (Spring/April 1937), 183-89.Webster, Noah. A Dictionary of the slope Language...inTwo Volumes. London Black, Young, and Young, 1828.An American Dictionary of the EnglishLanguage...Revised and Enlarged by Chauncey Goodrich. Springfield Merriam, 1855.Whicher, George Frisbie. New England Poet in Mornings at850. Northampton The Hampshire Bookshop, 1950. This Was a Poet A Critical Biography of EmilyDickinson. New York Scribners, 1938.Wolff, Cynthia Griffin. Emily Dickinson. New YorkKnopf, 1986.

Cynthia Ozick Essay -- Biography Biographies Bio

Cynthia Ozick (1928 - .) Cynthia Ozick was born in radical York City on April 17, 1928. She was the second of two children. Her parents, Celia (Regelson) and Wiliam Ozick immigrated to the US from the northwest role of Russia. The family came from the Litvak (Lithuanian) Jewish tradition which was a tradition of skepticism, rationalism and antimysticism.Her parents owned a pharmacy in Pelham Bay section of Bronx. They worked very hard, usually cardinal hours a day. Cynthia delivered perscriptions sometimes. Her mother was a generous, lavish, exuberant woman full of jest whereas her father was a discreet, quiet man. He was also a Jewish scholar, and knew Latin and German. When she was five and a half, her grannie took her to heder, for Yiddish-Hebrew religios instruction. The rabbi told Ozicks grandmother to find her home because a girl did not have to study. But her grandmother brought her back the very next day and insisted that she was to be accepted. Ozick is grateful to her grandmother for that instince and dates back her feminism to that time. She describes the Pelham Bay section of Bronx as a gentle place but it was brutually difficult to be a Jew there. She remembers having stones thrown at her or being called as Crists killer. At home and at the heder she was considered intelligent but she was particularly uncomfortable in school because she did not want to sing Christmas carols and was humiliated for that. She felt inadequate and tells that she suffered a groveling childhood in grade school. But she was excellent in grammar, spelling, reading and writing. And to run away from the dreariness of being different, she dedicated herself to the field of books. She began reading with her older brothers... ...d.She has turned 80 earlier this course of instruction and has won not one but two lifetime exercise awards. In April 2008, she was receved the PEN/Malamud distribute for short fiction and the PEN/Nabakov Award for enduring originality and consummate craftmanship. BibliographyTrust novel, 1966The Pagan Rabbi stories, 1971Bloodshed novellas, 1976Levitation fictions, 1982Art & fervency essays, 1983The Canibal Galaxy novel, 1983The Messiah of Stockholm novel, 1987Metaphor &Memory essays, 1989The Shawl stories, 1989Fame & Folly essays, 1996The Puttermesser written document novel, 1997Quarrel & Quandry essays, 2000Heir to the Glimmering World novel, 2004The Din in the head essays, 2006Dictation stories, 2008 Souces www.reaaward.orgwww.jewishvirtuallibrary.orgwww.complete-review.com www.myjewishlearning.com www.guardian.co.uk